Cattle tick along the coast, extending inland in rainy summer seasons. Branding is compulsory 30-65mm, appearing anywhere on the body and often in multiple series. European and tropical breeds in the south, mainly beef animals but some dairying on the southern coast. Dry to arid inland climate in winter months. Southern Queensland - Subtropical, heavy coastal rainfall, principally in the summer months. Some horned stock inland but mostly dehorned or polled. Cattle tick does occur in light degree, particularly in animals from the north, and may occur in areas further south as a result of stock movement from farms to distant meatworks. Brands not compulsory but body branding is popular, most commonly on the butt area and 40-75mm high. Predominantly European breeds, beef and dairy types. New South Wales - Temperate, heavy rainfall along coastal areas, declining progressively inland to arid western reaches. Differing from Tasmania mainly in appearance of small butt brands on about 20-30% of animals. Border areas of New South Wales are similar to Victoria. Victoria and border areas of New South Wales - Temperate, ample rainfall, European breeds and dairy breeds, Victoria: brands not compulsory, body brands infrequent, Most brands, where any appear, small and in butt area. No cattle tick, minimal parasite damage, generally clean grain – best area of Australia, Generally de-horned or polled.
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Tasmania - Cool climate, ample rainfall, European breeds, brands not compulsory, free or nearly free of brand marks. The boundaries are loose, varying season to season but in a general sense the characteristics listed below, are indicative of the production in each area. When the broad geographic and topographic nature of the subject is considered, together with stock movement, and division of Australia into zones according to cattle hide characteristics and quality, is necessarily arbitrary, broad and even fluid, rather than fixed. A further movement occurs from the place of slaughter to the place of hide accumulation and processing and yet another from hide accumulation t point of shipment. Cattle are often trucked long distances in Australia from area of origin to place of slaughter. Although the cattle tick is the biggest single cause or parasitic damage to hide quality there are other varieties of parasites which, of restricted range and incidence, also take a toll on hide quality.Īll these factors, climate and pasture, fencing and bush, branding regulations and parasites are broadly grouped as environmental damages. Yet within those tick-prone tropical zones, there are areas which, by successful control measures, are free of ticks.
The cattle tick infests, to a lesser degree, all of the tropical areas, excepting the arid heartland, extending down the east coast to New South Wales. Brand incidence and size are small in the south-east brands are larger and more frequent elsewhere and particularly in the north. Tasmania and southern West Australia are practically free of brands. The majority of cattle in the north are not polled or de-horned and so horn rakes are more common.Įach different state has its own cattle branding regulations.
In the north and in the interior the cattle herds range freely over large areas, much of it covered with bush and scrub which invariably scratch hides. The cattle in the southern regions graze more extensively on improved pastures in developed areas, where commonly the herds are polled or de-horned and are controlled by fences, including barbed wire fencing. Inland, where individual cattle holdings often cover thousands of hectares, climatic conditions are arid to desert, with extreme summer temperatures and sparse pasture growth. In the north, a monsoon weather pattern assures prodigious rainfall for the five to six summer months of the year and dry conditions during winter. On the coastal fringes rainfall is generally plentiful. About half the herd is on pastures north of the tropic of Capricorn. The range of climate, topographic and pasture type is highly variable.
The Australian cattle herd is distributed over most of the continent except for the desert interior.
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